SEJARAH KOPERASI

Pada tahun 1988 di Inggris tepatnya dikota rochdale pertama kali koperasi berdiri. Timbulnya koperasi pada masa kapitalisme sebagai akibat revolusi industri. Koperasi menyediakan barang-barang untuk keperluan sehari-hari tapi karena penumpukan modal koperasi ,akhirnya koperasi memproduksi barangnya sendiri untuk dijual. Munculnya koperasi membuka kesempatan bagi orang-orang yang belum mendapat pekerjaan. Berkembangnya koperasi di Rocdhale ini ,membuat pengaruh terhadap koperasi di inggris maupun diluar inggris. tahun 1852, jumlah koperasi di Inggris sudah mencapai 100 unit.Kemudian pada tahun 1862, dibentuklah Pusat Koperasi Pembelian dengan nama The Cooperative Whole Sale Society (CWS). The Cooperative Whole Sale Sosiety berhasil mempunyai lebih kurang 200 pabrik dengan 9.000 orang pekerja pada tahun 1945. Melihat perkembangan usaha koperasi baik di sektor produksi maupun di sektor perdagangan, pimpinan CWS kemudian membuka perwakilannya di luar negeri seperti New York, Kepenhagen, Hamburg, dan lain-lain. Lalu ditahun 1876, koperasi ini telah melakukan ekspansi usaha di bidang transportasi, perbankan, dan asuransi. Tahun 1870, koperasi tersebut juga membuka usaha di bidang penerbitan, berupa surat kabar yang terbit dengan nama Cooperative News. The Women’s Coorporative Guild yang dibentuk pada tahun 1883, besar pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan gerakan koperasi, disamping memperjuangkan hak-hak kaum wanita sebagai ibu rumah tangga, warga negara, dan sebagai konsumen. Kemudian koperasi juga berkembang di Jerman yang dipelopori Ferdinan Lasalle, Friedrich W. Raiffesen (1818-1888), dan Herman Schulze (1803-1883) di Denmark dan sebagainya. Setengah abad setelah pendirian Koperasi Rochdale, seiring dengan berkembangnya koperasi diberbagai negara, para pelopor koperasi sepakat untuk membentuk International Cooperative Alliance (ICA-Persekutuan Koperasi Internasional) dalam Kongres Koperasi Internasional yang pertama pada tahun 1896, di London. Dengan terbentuknya ICA, maka koperasi telah menjadi suatu gerakan internasional.Pada tahun 1896 seorang Pamong Praja Patih R.Aria Wiria Atmaja di Purwokerto mendirikan sebuah Bank untuk para pegawai negeri (priyayi).Ia terdorong oleh keinginannya untuk menolong para pegawai yang makin menderita karena terjerat oleh lintah darat yang memberikan pinjaman dengan bunga yang tinggi. Cita-cita semangat Patih tersebut selanjutnya diteruskan oleh De Wolffvan Westerrode, seorang asisten residen Belanda. De Wolffvan Westerrode sewaktu cuti berhasil mengunjungi Jerman dan menganjurkan akan mengubah Bank Pertolongan Tabungan yang sudah ada menjadi Bank Pertolongan, Tabungan dan Pertanian. Ia juga menganjurkan mengubah Bank tersebut menjadi koperasi. Di samping itu ia pun mendirikan lumbung-lumbung desa yang menganjurkan para petani menyimpan pada pada musim panen dan memberikan pertolongan pinjaman padi pada musim paceklik. Ia pun berusaha menjadikan lumbung-lumbung itu menjadi Koperasi Kredit Padi. Tahun 1927 dibentuk Serikat Dagang Islam, yang bertujuan untuk memperjuangkan kedudukan ekonomi pengusah-pengusaha pribumi. Kemudian pada tahun 1929, berdiri Partai Nasional Indonesia yang memperjuangkan penyebarluasan semangat koperasi. Setelah Indonesia merdeka, pada tanggal 12 Juli 1947, pergerakan koperasi di Indonesia mengadakan Kongres Koperasi yang pertama di Tasikmalaya . Kemudian 12 Juli 1947 ditetapkan sebagai Hari Koperasi Indonesia. Menurut Undang-undang No. 25 tahun 1992 Pasal 4 dijelaskan bahwa koperasi memiliki fungsi dan peranan antara lain yaitu mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan ekonomi anggota dan masyarakat, berupaya mempertinggi kualitas kehidupan manusia, memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat, mengembangkan perekonomian nasional, serta mengembangkan kreativitas dan jiwa berorganisasi bagi pelajar bangsa. Koperasi berbentuk Badan Hukum menurut Undang-Undang No.12 tahun 1967 adalah (Organisasi) ekonomi rakyat yang berwatak sosial, beranggotakan orang-orang atau badan hukum koperasi yang merupakan tata susunan ekonomi sebagai usaha bersama, berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan. Kinerja koperasi khusus mengenai perhimpunan, koperasi harus bekerja berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang umum mengenai organisasi usaha (perseorangan, persekutuan, dsb.) serta hukum dagang dan hukum pajak.

ARTI DARI LAMBANG KOPERASI

NO	LAMBANG	ARTI
1	Gerigi roda/ gigi roda	Upaya keras yang ditempuh secara terus menerus. Hanya orang yang pekerja keras yang bisa menjadi calon Anggota dengan memenuhi beberapa persyaratannya.
2	Rantai (di sebelah kiri)	Ikatan kekeluargaan, persatuan dan persahabatan yang kokoh. Bahwa anggota sebuah Koperasi adalah Pemilik Koperasi tersebut, maka semua Anggota menjadi bersahabat, bersatu dalam kekeluargaan, dan yang mengikat sesama anggota adalah hukum yang dirancang sebagai Anggaran Dasar (AD) / Anggaran Rumah Tangga (ART) Koperasi. Dengan bersama-sama bersepakat mentaati AD/ART, maka Padi dan Kapas akan mudah diperoleh.
3	Kapas dan Padi (di sebelah kanan)	Kemakmuran anggota koperasi secara khusus dan rakyat secara umum yang diusahakan oleh koperasi. Kapas sebagai bahan dasar sandang (pakaian), dan Padi sebagai bahan dasar pangan (makanan). Mayoritas sudah disebut makmur-sejahtera jika cukup sandang dan pangan.
4	Timbangan	Keadilan sosial sebagai salah satu dasar koperasi. Biasanya menjadi simbol hukum. Semua Anggota koperasi harus adil dan seimbang antara "Rantai" dan "Padi-Kapas", antara "Kewajiban" dan "Hak". Dan yang menyeimbangkan itu adalah Bintang dalam Perisai.
5	Bintang dalam perisai	Dalam perisai yang dimaksud adalah Pancasila, merupakan landasan idiil koperasi. Bahwa Anggota Koperasi yang baik adalah yang mengindahkan nilai-nilai keyakinan dan kepercayaan, yang mendengarkan suara hatinya. Perisai bisa berarti "tubuh", dan Bintang bisa diartikan "Hati".
6	Pohon Beringin	Simbol kehidupan, sebagaimana pohon dalam Gunungan wayang yang dirancang oleh Sunan Kalijaga. Dahan pohon disebut kayu (dari bahasa Arab "Hayyu"/kehidupan). Timbangan dan Bintang dalam Perisai menjadi nilai hidup yang harus dijunjung tinggi.
7	Koperasi Indonesia	Koperasi yang dimaksud adalah koperasi rakyat Indonesia, bukan Koperasi negara lain. Tata-kelola dan tata-kuasa perkoperasian di luar negeri juga baik, namun sebagai Bangsa Indonesia harus punya tata-nilai sendiri.
8	Warna Merah Putih	Warna merah dan putih yang menjadi background logo menggambarkan sifat nasional Indonesia.

CYBER CRIME

LA. LAB INTERNET DASAR SHIFT 1

CYBER CRIME

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Kejahatan dunia maya (Inggris:cybercrime) adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada aktivitas kejahatan dengan komputer atau jaringan komputer menjadi alat, sasaran atau tempat terjadinya kejahatan. Termasuk ke dalam kejahatan dunia maya antara lain adalah penipuan lelang secara online, pemalsuan cek, penipuan kartu kredit/carding, confidence fraud, penipuan identitas,pornografi anak, dll.

Walaupun kejahatan dunia maya atau cybercrime umumnya mengacu kepada aktivitas kejahatan dengan komputer atau jaringan komputer sebagai unsur utamanya, istilah ini juga digunakan untuk kegiatan kejahatan tradisional di mana komputer atau jaringan komputer digunakan untuk mempermudah atau memungkinkan kejahatan itu terjadi.

Contoh kejahatan dunia maya di mana komputer sebagai alat adalah spamming dan kejahatan terhadap hak cipta dan kekayaan intelektual. Contoh kejahatan dunia maya di mana komputer sebagai sasarannya adalah akses ilegal (mengelabui kontrol akses), malware dan serangan DoS. Contoh kejahatan dunia maya di mana komputer sebagai tempatnya adalah penipuan identitas. Sedangkan contoh kejahatan tradisional dengan komputer sebagai alatnya adalah pornografi anak dan judi online. Beberapa situs-situs penipuan berkedok judi online termasuk dalam sebuah situs yang merupakan situs kejahatan di dunia maya yang sedang dipantau oleh pihak kepolisian dengan pelanggaran pasal 303 KUHP tentang perjudian dan pasal 378 KUHP tentang penipuan berkedok permainan online dengan cara memaksa pemilik website tersebut untuk menutup website melalui metode DDOS website yang bersangkutan.(28/12/2011)

Sumber : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejahatan_dunia_maya

Komentar :

Menurut saya , kejahatan di dunia maya atau lebih dikenal dengan Cyber Crime sangat berbahaya . Pasalnya ini bisa merugikan semua orang ,bahkan negara. Dimana para pelaku kejahatan yang sering disebut HACKER dengan leluasa melakukan kejahatannya seperti membuat iklan palsu yang didalamnya terdapat virus yang lebih berbahaya lagi adalah membobol tabungan seseorang melalui data-data yang sudah ada di bank atau lembaga keuangan lainnya. kejahatan ini seharusnya ditangani lebih serius . Kelihatannya memang sepele ,tetapi ketika sudah bergerak terkadang aparat keamanan pun akan kesulitan karena sang hacker lebih menguasai tekhnologi yang kadang sudah diluar yang orang lain ketahui. Jadi waspadalah ketika kita harus menyimpan data-data yang berhubungan dengan internet.

CAUSATIVE VERB

Tugas IV ( periode 8 juni - 22 juni )

CAUSATIVE VERB

Causative verb menunjukkan bahwa seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri, tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya.

• MAKE

Make biasanya digunakan untuk memaksa seseorang dalam melakukan sesuatu

Bentuknya : Make + Subject + Object

• Did somebody .......... you wear that ugly dress ? ( make )
• She …....... her children do their homework . ( made )
• My father …....... me join to football club . ( made )
• My brother …....... me apologize for what I had said . ( made )
• Mom and me …....... cake together. ( made )

• LET

Let digunakan untuk membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Bentuknya : Let + Subject + Verb

• I don’t know if my boss will …....... me take the day of f. ( let )
• Yu-chan …....... me read a new comic . ( let )
• will your sister …........ you go to the ari's party? ( let )
• Tommy …....... me buy his laptop. ( let )
• Koko …...... let me drive his old car. ( let )

• HAVE

Have merupakan causative verb yang umum di bandingkan dengan melakukan dengan diri kita sendiri.Biasanya kita yang “menyuruh” untuk dilakukan oleh orang lain.

Bentuknya : “to have” + Object + Past participle(verb 3)

• I …....... the oli in my motorcycle changed . ( had )
• I …....... my pen borrowed yesterday . ( had )
• I …....... my cat bought five days ago . ( had )
• Did you …....... you living room cleaned ? ( have )
• I …....... my dress cleaned yesterday . ( had )

• GET

Get biasanya lebih sering di gunakan ketimbang have.

Bentuknya : “to get” + Obyek + Past participle

• I …....... my handphone fixed . ( got )
• I …....... my fan broken last night . ( got )
• She …...... her earphone fixed last monday . ( got )
• I …...... my bag cleaned . ( got )
• I …...... my umbrella sold last week. ( got )

COMPUTER

COMPUTER
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(May 2007)  
Komputer  
Genres Electronic  
Labels Mute Records  
Associated acts I Start Counting
Fortran 5  
Website www.komputer.org.uk(offline)
Komputer is a London-based electronic band, composed of Simon Leonard and David Baker.[1]
[edit]Background
Collaborating since 1982, Leonard and Baker were originally signed to Mute Records in 1984 under the name I Start Counting [2] and continued with releases under the monikerFortran 5[3] until the release of Komputer’s debut album, The World of Tomorrow in (1998).
Simon Leonard and David Baker originally met at Middlesex University where they DJed together and, in 1982 began to collaborate on an electronic pop project, I Start Counting. Both had an abiding affection for pop music as well as a deep love of music in general, although Leonard specialised more in technology and David's bias was on the musical side. I Start Counting released two albums, and, in 1987, supported Erasure on a European tour.
In 1990 the new material they were working on was sounding quite different from their electro pop roots and it was decided that a new name, Fortran 5, would give the new dance/techno style a completely fresh start. The duo also began to collaborate with a number of other artists including DJ Colin Faver, Thrash of The Orb, Rod Slater of the Bonzos and Neil Arthur of Blancmange. Remixes were provided by the likes of Vince Clarke, Moby, Joey Negro, David Holmes and Pascal Gabriel, while the duo supplied remixes for other artists including Erasure, Inspiral Carpets and Laibach.
David and Simon then reacted to the tedium of mid 90's indie guitar music by returning to their Kraftwerk inspired roots which again provoked a name change.The band takes samples from a variety of sources: from Russian cosmonauts to rubbish compactors and mobile phone ringtones.
Komputer's first releases, the 'Komputer EP' and the subsequent album 'The World Of Tomorrow'; were a respectful homage to the duo's German electronic heroes. Later material saw Komputer absorbing a much wider variety of influences and creating their own unique style of English electronic pop/folk music.
The duo never performed live as Fortran 5, but from the earliest days as Komputer, live shows were very important, leading to many performances all over Europe, most recently appearing at the Short Circuit presents Mute festival at London’s Roundhouse.
For Synthetik, the band’s third album, the music gradually evolved over a long period of time, tracks were tried out in live sets then discarded or reworked in the studio, maturing into a return to the more traditional electro sound of the first album, The World Of Tomorrow, with the incorporation of a more experimental and contemporary electronica approach.

sumber : www.wikipedia.org

Defense of the Ancients

Defense of the Ancients  


Defense of the Ancients loading screen as of version 6.73, featuring depictions of several heroes.  
Designer(s) "Eul"
Steve "Guinsoo" Feak
"IceFrog"  
Platform(s) Mac OS, Mac OS X,Microsoft Windows  
Latest release 6.74c / March 21, 2012[1]  
Genre(s) Action RTS  
Mode(s) Multiplayer with 2-10 players
Single-player (AI versions)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Dota allstars)

Contents
1 Gameplay
2 Development
3 Reception and legacy
4 Sequel
5 References
For other uses, see DOTA.
Defense of the Ancients (DotA) is an action real-time strategy mod for the video gameWarcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its expansion, Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, based on the "Aeon of Strife" map for StarCraft. The objective of the scenario is for each team to destroy the opponents' Ancients, heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use powerful units known as heroes, and are assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters. As in role-playing games, players level up their heroes and use gold to buy equipment during the mission.[2]
The scenario was developed with the "World Editor" of Reign of Chaos, and was updated upon the release of its expansion, The Frozen Throne. There have been many variations of the original concept; the most popular being DotA Allstars, which eventually was simplified to DotA with the release of version 6.68.[3] This specific scenario has been maintained by several authors during development, the latest of whom being the anonymous developer known as "IceFrog" developing the game since 2005.
Since its original release, DotA has become a feature at several worldwide tournaments, including Blizzard Entertainment's BlizzCon and the Asian World Cyber Games, as well as the Cyberathlete Amateur and CyberEvolution leagues; in a 2008 article of video game industry website Gamasutra, the article's author claimed that "DotA is likely the most popular and most-discussed free, non-supported game mod in the world".[4] Valve Corporation is currently developing a stand-alone sequel, Dota 2.[5]
 Gameplay


A game of DotA in progress
DotA pits two teams of players against each other: the Sentinel and the Scourge. Players on the Sentinel team are based at the southwest corner of the map, and those on the Scourge team are based at the northeast corner. Each base is defended by towers and waves of units which guard the main paths leading to their base. In the center of each base is the "Ancient", a building that must be destroyed to win the game.[6][7]
Each human player controls one hero, a powerful unit with unique abilities. In DotA, players on each side choose one of 108 heroes,[8] each with different abilities and tactical advantages over other heroes. The scenario is highly team-oriented; it is difficult for one player to carry the team to victory alone.[9] Defense of the Ancients allows up to ten players in a five-versus-five format and an additional two slots for referees or observers, often with an equal number of players on each side.


The differences between The Sentinel base (top) and the Scourge base (bottom)
Because the gameplay revolves around strengthening individual heroes, it does not require one to focus on resource management and base-building, unlike most traditional real-time strategy games. Killing computer-controlled or neutral units earns the player experience points; when enough experience is accumulated, the player gains a level. Leveling upimproves the hero's toughness and the damage they can inflict, and allows players to upgrade their spells or skills. In addition to accumulating experience, players also manage a single resource: gold. The typical resource-gathering of Warcraft III is replaced by a combat-oriented money system; in addition to a small periodic income, heroes earn gold by killing hostile units, base structures, and enemy heroes.[10] This has caused emphasis on a technique called "last-hitting," which is when the player attacks a hostile unit when "its hit points are low enough to kill it with one blow".[11] Using gold, players buy items to strengthen their hero and gain abilities; certain items can be combined with recipes to create more powerful items. Buying items that suit one's hero is an important tactical element of the mod.[12] Item choice also affects play style, as any given item may increase one statistic while leaving another unchanged.
DotA offers a variety of game modes, selected by the game host at the beginning of the match. The game modes dictate the difficulty of the scenario, as well as whether people can choose their hero or are assigned one randomly. Many game modes can be combined, allowing more flexible options.[13]
Development
Warcraft III is the third title in the Warcraft series of real-time strategy games developed by Blizzard Entertainment. As with Warcraft II, Blizzard included a free "world editor" in the game that allows players to create custom scenarios or "maps" for the game, which can be played online with other players through Battle.net.[14] These custom scenarios can be simple terrain changes, which play like normalWarcraft games, or they can be entirely new game scenarios with custom objectives, units, items, and events, like Defense of the Ancients.[14]
The first version of Defense of the Ancients was released in 2003 by a mapmaker under the alias of Eul[15] who based the map on a previous StarCraft scenario known as "Aeon of Strife".[13] After the release of Warcraft's expansion The Frozen Throne, which added new features to the World Editor, Eul did not update the scenario.[16] Other mapmakers produced spinoffs that added new heroes, items, and features.[15]
Among the DotA variants created in the wake of Eul's map, there was DotA Allstars, developed by modder Steve Feak (under the alias Guinsoo); this version would become today's dominant version of the map, simply known as Defense of the Ancients.[17] Feak said when he began developing DotA Allstars, he had no idea how popular the game would eventually become; the emerging success of the gametype inspired him to design a new title around what he considered an emerging game genre.[18] Feak added a recipe system for items so that player's equipment would scale as they grew more powerful, as well as a powerful boss character called Roshan (named after his bowling ball) who required an entire team to defeat.[15]
Feak used a battle.net chat channel as a place for DotA players to congregate,[15] but DotA Allstars had no official site for discussions and hosting. Subsequently, the leaders of the DotA Allstars clan, TDA, proposed that a dedicated web site be created to replace the various online alternatives that were infrequently updated or improperly maintained. TDA member Steve "Pendragon" Mescon created the former official community site, dota-allstars.com, on October 14, 2004.[19]
Towards the end of his association with the map, Feak primarily worked on optimizing the map before handing over control to another developer after version 6.01. The new author, IceFrog, added new features, heroes, and fixes. Each release is accompanied by achangelog.[20] IceFrog was at one time highly reclusive, refusing to give interviews; the only evidence of his authorship was the map maker's email account on the official website and the name branded on the game's loading screen.[4] IceFrog now interacts with players through a personal blog where he answers common questions players have about him and about the game.[21] He has also posted information about upcoming map releases, including previews of new heroes and items.[22]
Defense of the Ancients is maintained via official forums. Users can post ideas for new heroes or items, some of which are added to the map. Players have contributed icons and hero descriptions and created the artwork displayed while the map loads, and suggestions for changes to existing heroes or items are taken seriously; IceFrog once changed a new hero less than two weeks after the new version of the map was released.[4] Versions of the scenario where enemy heroes are controlled by artificial intelligences have also been released. Mescon continued to maintain dota-allstars.com, which by the end of IceFrog's affiliation in May 2009 had over 1,500,000 registered users and had received over one million unique visitors every month.[19] Due to their separation, IceFrog announced that he would be further developing a new official site, playdota.com, while continuing game development;[23] Mescon closed dota-allstars on July 22, 2010, citing dropping statistics and his new passion for League of Legends as the reason for its end.
Because Warcraft III custom games have none of the features designed to improve game quality (matchmaking players based on connection speed, etc.), various programs are used to maintain Defense of the Ancients. External tools ping player's locations, and games can be named to exclude geographic regions.[4] Clans and committees such as TDA maintain their own official list of rules and regulations, and players can be kicked from matches by being placed on "banlists".[4]
Reception and legacy
 See also: Action real-time strategy


The top three finalists from the first World Cyber Games Defense of the Ancientschampionship
The popularity of Defense of the Ancients has increased over time. The scenario was featured by Computer Gaming World in a review of new maps and mods in Warcraft III.[24]DotA Allstars became an important tournament scenario, starting with its prominence at the debut of Blizzard's BlizzCon convention in 2005.[25] DotA Allstars was also featured in theMalaysia and Singapore World Cyber Games starting in 2005, and the World Cyber Games Asian Championships beginning with the 2006 season.[26] Defense of the Ancients was included in the game lineup for the internationally recognized Cyberathlete Amateur League and CyberEvolution leagues.[27] Additionally, the scenario appeared in Electronic Sports World Cup (ESWC) 2008;[28][29] Oliver Paradis, ESWC's competition manager, noted that the high level of community support behind the scenario, as well as its worldwide appeal, were among the reasons it was chosen.[30]
The scenario is popular in many parts of the world; in the Philippines and Thailand, it is played as much as the game Counter-Strike.[31][32] It is also popular in Sweden and other Northern European countries, where the Defense of the Ancients-inspired song "Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA" by Swedish musician Basshunter reached the European 2006 charts at #116 and cracked the top ten Singles Charts in Sweden, Norway,[33] and Finland.[34] LAN tournaments are a major part of worldwide play,[30] including tournaments in Sweden and Russia; however, due to a lack of LAN tournaments and championships in North America, several teams disbanded.[31] Blizzard points to DotA as an example of what dedicated mapmakers can create using developer's tools.[35]
In June 2008, captainSMRT, writing for Gamasutra, stated that DotA "is likely the most popular and most-discussed free, non-supported game mod in the world".[4] In pointing to the strong community built around the game, Walbridge stated that DotA shows it is much easier for a community game to be maintained by the community, and this is one of the maps' greatest strengths. Former game journalist Luke Smith called DotA "the ultimate RTS".[36]
Defense of the Ancients has been credited as one of the influences for the 2009 Gas Powered Games title Demigod,[37][38] with the video game publication GameSpy noting the game's premise revolved around aspiring gods "[playing] DotA in real life".[39] Guinsoo went on to apply many of the mechanics and lessons he learned from Defense of the Ancients to the Riot Games title League of Legends.[18] Other "DotA clones" include S2 Games' Heroes of Newerth.[40][41] Blizzard Entertainment is also developing a free mod forStarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm entitled Blizzard All-stars, featuring an array of heroes from Blizzard's franchises.[42]
Sequel
Main article: Dota 2
In October 2009, IceFrog was hired by Valve Corporation, leading a team in a project that he described as "great news for DotAfans".[43] Valve officially announced the stand-alone sequel to the original mod, Dota 2, in October of 2010.[5] Dota 2 follows heavily in the gameplay style of DotA, with aesthetics and heroes working as direct ports to the original mod. In addition to the pre-conceived gameplay constants, Dota 2 also features Steam support and profile tracking, intended to emphasize and support the game's matchmaking.".[44]
The marketing and trademark of Dota 2 by Valve has gained concern and opposition from the original DotA Allstars contributors working at Riot Games, as well as Blizzard Entertainment, both of which have legally opposed the franchising of Dota by Valve.[45] The legal dispute was conceded on May 11, 2012, however, with Valve gaining undisputed franchising rights for commercial use to the trademark, while non-commercial use remains open to the public.[46]


References
^ "DotA latest release". IceFrog. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
^ Tok, Kevin (2006-01-25). "Defense of the Ancients 101, Page 2". GotFrag. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
^ IceFrog (2010-07-28). "Official DotA: Map Archive". GetDotA.com. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
^ a b c d e f Walbridge, Michael (2008-06-12). "Analysis: Defense of the Ancients - An Underground Revolution". Gamasutra. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
^ a b Biessener, Adam (2010-10-23). "Valve's New Game Announced, Detailed: Dota 2". Game Informer. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
^ "Learn Dota". PlayDota.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
^ Lodaya, Punit (2006-02-09). "DotA: AllStars Part 1". TechTree.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
^ "Hero Database". PlayDotA.com. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
^ Nair, Neha (2007-10-30). "Why Defense of the Ancients? (Pg. 1)". GotFrag. Archived from the original on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
^ Lodaya, Punit (2006-02-09). "DotA: AllStars Part 2: What Do I Do?". TechTree.com. Archived from the original on 2009-05-22. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
^ Lo, Jaclyn (2008-04-03). "DotA 101: The Killing Blow". GotFrag.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-30. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
^ "PlayDotA.com Items Database". PlayDotA.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
^ a b Tok, Kevin (2006-01-25). "Defense of the Ancients 101".GotFrag. Archived from the original on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
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sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_of_the_Ancients

Foods That Cause Acne

Artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com - Foods That Cause Acne. Acne is one of the most hated enemy by everyone, especially women. Acne is not including a dangerous disease. But its presence is very annoying, though acne is not harmful but should we treat and handle well.

Acne is caused by clogged pores due to overactive oil glands. Although many medical experts who denied any connection between acne with the food we eat, there's no harm in avoiding some foods that supposedly can trigger acne.

Here are some foods can cause acne:

1. Sugar and Chocolate

Chocolate may be one of the most food trigger acne. Archives of Dermatology published a study which explains that the food has a high Glycemic Index scale, usually in processed carbohydrates such as sugar can cause the appearance of acne due to increased hormone levels.

2. Milk

Some studies show a high milk intake may be associated with the appearance of acne. A Harvard study found that teens who drink milk more than two servings a day are more likely to suffer from severe acne. That is because the increase in growth hormone which causes the sebaceous glands in the skin become clogged.

3. Iodine

Iodine may be one factor in the appearance of acne, such as skin oil glands which can irritate skin that is prone to acne. Iodine can be found in fish and shellfish because sea water contains iodine. In addition other sources comes from iodized salt which is a component of several types of canned food.

4.Caffeine and Alcohol

Caffeine is considered to trigger the appearance of acne because it can affect hormone levels produced by the body. Some sources of caffeine are coffee, tea, soft drinks, and chocolate. In addition, alcohol also causes an increase in hormones, particularly testosterone can cause acne more often.

5. Food Allergy Triggers

Skin problems often arise due to food allergies, especially milk and eggs. Acne appears due to the immune system tries to fight the poison that is felt. An allergist has diagnosed and confirmed the relationship of food allergy with severe acne.

6. Fruit and Vegetable Characteristically Acid

Some fruits and vegetables that are acidic can cause the appearance of acne, such as carrots, cucumbers, oranges, and lettuce. The acidity of the body can cause the appearance of acne, because it should be avoided.

Those are some foods that can trigger the onset of Acne.

http://artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com/2012/04/foods-that-cause-acne.html

Inducting New Employees Into Your Company

Artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com - Inducting New Employees Into Your Company. New employees are the best assets of a company. New employees can advance a company's business if they can work well and can advance the company where they work. If you're looking for a way or method to introduce the existing business in your company to new employees, there are some things you can do. Here are some suggestions to introduce your company to a new employees:

The first way, to make new employees feel comfortable in your company. As a new employee, maybe they can not immediately adapt to your company. They may take time to recognize the environments in which they work. So make new employees feel comfortable in your company, so they can work comfortably.

The second way, introducing new employees to other work colleagues. Introduce them to other colleagues in their department. In this way makes them comfortable asking questions on their first day

The third way, after introductions are made, you should discuss with new employees, what you hope for. What to tell what should be done by new employees. So that later they can work well according to your wishes. If they do not know what you expect, they will not be able to meet your needs.

http://artikel-bahasainggris.blogspot.com/2012/01/inducting-new-employees-into-your.html